Very Simple Basic Introductions - am/is/are
| I am |
=
| I'm |
| you are |
=
| you're |
| he is |
=
| he's |
| she is |
=
| she's |
| it is |
=
| it's |
| are not |
=
| aren't |
| is not |
=
|
isn't
|
Question - What/Who is it?
What ....? | = | things |
Who .....? | = | people |
What's | = | What is |
It is | = | It's |
Who is | = | Who's |
Test am/is/are
Enter the correct form of the verb to be - Fill It
Test your vocabulary - Name It - if you don't know a word look it up in your dictionary.
#B2
Who/What/Where
Who?
|
=
|
People
|
What?
|
=
|
Things
|
Where?
|
=
|
Places
|
Male example
Who is this? - It's John
What is his name? - His name is John Greek
Where does he come from? - He comes from Greece
Where does he live? - He lives in England
What nationality is he? - He's Greek
Female example
Who is this? - It's John
What is her name? - Her name is Helen Greek
Where does she come from? - She comes from Greece
Where does she live? - She lives in England
What nationality is she? - She's Greek
.
.
What/Where examble
Question
|
Long answer
|
Short answer
|
Short one
|
What's your name?
|
My name is John
|
It's John
|
John
|
Where do you come from?
|
I come from Greece.
|
From Greece
|
Greece
|
Where do you live?
|
I live in England.
|
In England
|
England
|
What nationality are you?
|
My nationality is Greek
|
I'm Greek
|
Greek
|
Present Continuous - Positive
Present continuous form = am/is/are + verb + ing.
We use it to show that something is happening NOW.
Am/Is/Are doing
What am I doing?
|
(now)
|
I'm standing.
|
What is he doing?
|
(now)
|
He's sitting.
|
What is she doing?
|
(now)
|
She's walking.
|
What is it doing?
|
(now)
|
It's running.
|
What are they doing?
|
(now)
|
They're playing.
|
What are we doing?
|
(now)
|
We're walking.
|
Spelling Tip:
add -ing to
| |||
Words ending in two consonants
|
To walk
|
walk + ing
|
walking
|
Words ending in two vowels + consonant.
|
To sleep
|
sleep + ing
|
sleeping
|
Words ending in one consonant and a vowel (not e)
|
To do
|
do + ing
|
doing
|
Words ending in one vowel and g - add g + -ing
|
To jog
|
jog + ging
|
jogging
|
Words ending in one vowel and m - add m + -ing
|
To swim
|
swim + ming
|
swimming
|
Words ending in one vowel and n - add n + -ing
|
To run
|
run + ning
|
running
|
Words ending in one vowel and p - add p + -ing
|
To shop
|
shop + ping
|
shopping
|
Words ending in one vowel and t - add t + -ing
|
To put
|
put + ting
|
putting
|
Words ending in ie - delete ie + -ying
|
To die
|
d + ying
|
dying
|
Words ending in one consonant and e - delete e + -ing
|
To phone
|
phon + ing
|
phoning
|
#B4
Present Continuous - Negative
Present continuous form = am/is/are + verb + ing (something is happening NOW)
In the negative: add not after am/is/are (something is not happening NOW).
I'm not ......ing. | He/she/it is not (isn't) .....ing. | You/we/they are not (aren't) .....ing.
(now)
|
I'm not sitting. I'm standing.
|
(now)
|
He's not (he isn't) standing. He's sitting.
|
(now)
|
She's not (she isn't) running. She's walking.
|
(now)
|
It's not (it isn't) walking. It's running.
|
(now)
|
They're not (they aren't) working. They're playing.
|
(now)
|
We're not (we aren't working. We're playing.
|
#B5
The Present Simple Positive - "I do."
We use the Present Simple tense to talk about regular or permanent actions.
In the third person (he, she, it) form, the verb takes an s. For example:
I/we/you/they
|
do
|
have
|
work
|
read
|
like
|
eat
|
drink
|
He/she/it
|
does
|
has
|
works
|
reads
|
likes
|
eats
|
drinks
|
Example: Things Mr John does every day morning.
(Every day)
|
Mr John wakes up at 7.00 am.
|
(Every day)
|
He gets up at 7.15 am,
|
(Every day)
|
and goes to the bathroom.
|
(Every day)
|
He usually has a shower,
|
(Every day)
|
then he has a shave and brushes his teeth.
|
(Every day)
|
He eats breakfast at about 7.00 am.
|
(Every day)
|
After breakfast he reads the newspaper.
|
(Every day)
|
At 7.30 am he goes to work.
|
The Present Simple Negative - "I don't."
We use the Present Simple tense to talk about regular or permanent actions.
The Present Simple - "don't" = do not | "doesn't" = does not
In the third person (he, she, it) form, the negative form of the verb to do takes an s. For example:-
I/we/you/they
|
do not
|
do not have
|
do not read
|
do not like
|
do not eat
|
do not drink
|
I/we/you/they
|
don't
|
don't have
|
don't read
|
don't like
|
don't eat
|
don't drink
|
He/she/it
|
does not
|
does not have
|
does not read
|
does not like
|
does not eat
|
does not drink
|
He/she/it
|
doesn't
|
doesn't have
|
doesn't read
|
doesn't like
|
doesn't eat
|
doesn't drink
|
Example: Things Mr John does and doesn't do every day mornings.
(Every day)
|
Mr John doesn't wake up at 6.00 am. He wakes up at 7.00 am.
|
(Every day)
|
He doesn't get up at 6.00 am. He gets up at 7.00 am.
|
(Every day)
|
He doesn't go to the office. He goes to the bathroom.
|
(Every day)
|
He doesn't have a shower. He has a bath.
|
(Every day)
|
After his bath, he doesn't have a cup of coffee. He has a shave and brushes his teeth.
|
(Every day)
|
He doesn't eat breakfast at about 7.00 am. He eats breakfast at about 10.00 am.
|
(Every day)
|
After breakfast he doesn't read the newspaper. He goes for a run.
|
(Every day)
|
After his run he doesn't go to work. He usually visits his friends.
|
#B6
The Present Simple - "Do I?"
In the third person (he, she, it) form, the question form of the verb to do takes an s. For example:
Do
|
I/we/you/ they
|
have something?
|
do something?
|
like something?
|
want something?
|
Does
|
he/she/it
|
have something?
|
do something?
|
like something?
|
want something?
|
Let's ask Mr John what he does at work every day
Mr John, what do you do?
|
I'm a teacher.
|
What do you teach?
|
I teach English.
|
Where do you work?
|
I work at a language school in London.
|
Do you usually walk to work?
|
No, I always drive.
|
What time do you usually start?
|
I usually start work at 9.00 am.
|
How many classes do you teach?
|
I usually teach three classes a day.
|
Do you ever teach evening classes?
|
No, never. I only teach in the day.
|
Do you ever teach on a Saturday?
|
Yes, but only sometimes.
|
Does anyone else teach English?
|
Yes, there is one other English teacher, Miss Smith.
|
Does she teach every day?
|
No, she only works part-time. She teaches Monday to Wednesday. She never teaches at the weekend.
|
What time do you usually finish work?
|
I usually finish work at 4 o'clock.
|
Test It Test the present simple - fill in the gaps using the verbs given - Write It!
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#B7
The Simple Past - "I did."
We use the Simple Past tense when discussing finished time (yesterday, last year, in 1999 etc).
Only the verb to be needs to be changed in the third person. Regular verbs add -ed to the end. Irregular verbs have to be learnt.
I/he/she/it/
|
was
|
did
|
had
|
worked
|
read
|
liked
|
ate
|
drank
|
we/you/they
|
were
|
"
|
"
|
"
|
"
|
"
|
"
|
"
|
What Mr Bean did yesterday.
yesterday
|
Yesterday Mr Bean woke up at 6.00 am.
|
yesterday
|
He got up at 6.15 am,
|
yesterday
|
and went to the bathroom.
|
yesterday
|
He had a shower,
|
yesterday
|
then he had a shave and brushed his teeth.
|
yesterday
|
He ate breakfast at about 7.00 am.
|
yesterday
|
After breakfast he read the newspaper.
|
yesterday
|
At 7.30 am he went to work.
|
Spelling Tip - Rules for Regular Verbs:
Words ending in -e / -d: for example like > liked - hike > hikedWords ending in -y:-
-y becomes -ied : For example worry > worried - cry > cried
Spelling Tip - Rules for Irregular Verbs:-
First rule: There are no rules!be > was/were
do > did
have > had
go > went
Test It Test the simple past - fill in the gaps using the verbs given - Fill It!
#B8
The Simple Past Negative
"I didn't".
"I didn't".
Without Contraction
|
With Contraction
|
did not
|
didn't
|
For example:
I/he/she/it/you/we/you/they
|
did not
|
did not have
|
did not read
|
did not like
|
did not eat
|
did not drink
|
I/he/she/it/you/we/you/they
|
didn't
|
didn't have
|
didn't read
|
didn't like
|
didn't eat
|
didn't drink
|
In order to change an affirmative statement into a negative statement, did not is placed after the subject, and the form of the verb is changed to the bare infinitive.
Positive statement
|
Negative statement
|
I worked.
|
I didn't work.
|
You worked. (singular 1 and plural 1+)
|
You didn't work.
|
He/She worked.
|
He/She didn't work.
|
It worked.
|
It didn't work
|
We worked.
|
We didn't work.
|
They worked.
|
They didn't work.
|
What Mr Bean did and didn't do yesterday.
Yesterday
|
On Saturday Mr Bean didn't wake up at 6.00 am. He woke up at 8.00 am.
|
Yesterday
|
He didn't get up at 6.15 am. Hegot up at 9.00 am.
|
Yesterday
|
He didn't go to the office. He wentto the bathroom.
|
Yesterday
|
He didn't have a shower. He hada bath.
|
Yesterday
|
After his shower he didn't have a cup of coffee. He had a shave and brushed his teeth.
|
Yesterday
|
He didn't eat breakfast at about 7.00 am. He ate breakfast at about 10.00 am.
|
Yesterday
|
After breakfast he didn't read the newspaper. He went for a run.
|
Yesterday
|
After his run he didn't go to work. He went to meet his friends.
|
#B9
The future using will or shall
Will
'Will' does not change its form.
| |
I, you, he, she, it, we, they
|
will
|
'Will' is often shortened to ...'ll.
| |
I'll, you'll, he'll, she'll, we'll, they'll and even (although it's not good English) you might hear it'll
| |
The negative of 'will' is 'will not' - often shortened to won't
| |
I, you, he, she, it, we, they
|
will not / won't
|
For example
| ||
+
|
-
| |
I will go.
|
I'll go.
|
I won't go
|
You will go.
|
You'll go.
|
You won't go
|
He will go.
|
He'll go.
|
He won't go
|
She will go.
|
She'll go.
|
She won't go
|
It will go.
|
It'll go.
|
It won't go
|
We will go.
|
We'll go.
|
We won't go
|
They will go.
|
They'll go.
|
They won't go
|
!Note! 'Will' on its own is not used for things we have arranged or decided to do.
"Will" is usually used in these situations:
Volunteering to do something:
|
(The phone is ringing). I'll answer it.
|
Promising to do something:
|
(A friend is leaving) I'll visit you in the summer.
|
Deciding to do something :
|
(Your car won't start) I'll buy a new car.
|
Ordering someone to do something:
|
(Your child won't do their homework) You'll do your homework now!
|
Predicting something will happen
|
(Winter is coming) I think it will be a cold winter.
|
Sometimes you can use 'will' as a threat. “Don't move or I'll shoot!”
'Will' is often used with think - "I think I will ..."
Positive (+)
|
Negative (-)
| |
Statement
|
I'll do my homework now.
|
I won't do my homework later.
|
Statement
(using think) |
I think she'll go to the cinema tonight.
|
I don't think she'll go to the cinema tomorrow.
|
Question (using will)
|
Will there be a test on Monday?
|
Won't there be a test on Monday?
|
Question (closed)
|
Do you think they'll win?
|
Do you think they won't win?
|
Question (open)
|
What do you think he'll do in the summer holidays?
|
Shall
'Shall' does not change its form.
| |
I, you, he, she, it, we, they
|
shall.
|
'Shall' is also shortened to ...'ll.
| |
I'll, you'll, he'll, she'll, we'll, they'll - and even (although it's not good English) it'll
| |
The negative of 'shall' is 'shall not' - often shortened to shan't
| |
I, you, he, she, it, we, they
|
shall not / shan't
|
!Note! In British English 'Shall' is often used instead of will in the first person (I/we).
I / We will
|
=
|
I / We shall
|
I shall be at work on time.
|
=
|
I will be at work on time.
|
We shall win the competition.
|
=
|
We will win the competition.
|
They shall not pass!
|
=
|
They shan't pass!
|
!Note! 'Shall' is also often used in the first person (I/we) in questions when asking for permission, making suggestions, making an offer or asking for advice.
Shall I do that?
|
Shall we go home?
|
Test It Test what you have learnt - Will or won't?
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